What is malocclusion?
Malocclusion refers to any degree of irregular contact of the teeth of the upper jaw with the teeth of the lower jaw. This would include overbites, underbites, openbites, and crossbites. There is no specific system of deciding how much misalignment is
too much. Your child's orthodontist will decide whether your child's bite will need correction. Malocclusion can cause problems with the child's bite, gum tissue, jaw joint, speech development, and appearance.
Orthodontists are specially trained dentists. They specialize in the development, prevention, and correction of irregularities of the teeth, bite, and jaws. Orthodontists also have specialized training in facial abnormalities and disorders of the jaw.
A patient often talks with an orthodontist after receiving a referral from his or her general dentist. In some cases, a specialist in jaw surgery may need to be consulted.
What causes malocclusion?
There is no one single cause of malocclusion. Many different factors are involved. These include genetic factors and/or environmental factors. Children who suck their thumbs or fingers beyond the age of 5 have an increased chance of developing malocclusion.
Children with a very small space between their primary teeth (baby teeth) are at risk for having problems with malocclusion when their permanent teeth appear. This is because the permanent teeth are larger and need more space.
How is malocclusion diagnosed?
Malocclusion is usually diagnosed based on a complete history and physical exam of your child and your child's mouth. Your child's healthcare provider will probably refer your child to a dentist or an orthodontist for complete evaluation and treatment.
The following tests may also be done to help evaluate the problem:
- X-rays - A diagnostic test that uses invisible electromagnetic radiation to produce images of internal tissues, bones, teeth, and organs onto film of the mouth or head, or to capture the images in digital form on a computer.
- Impressions of the teeth - Imprints of the teeth that are poured with plaster to make models of the mouth to help evaluate the malocclusion.
